The liberty cap was the symbol of freedom and liberty commonly used in the 19th century and is seen in many places in the United States Capitol.
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This soft cap evolved as a combination of two earlier symbolic head coverings. The peaked red Phrygian cap was worn in present-day Turkey as early as 800 B.C. and was seen as a mark of free men in classical Greece. The ancient Roman conical cap called a pileus was placed on the heads of emancipated individuals – who, as slaves, were not allowed to grow their hair or wear a cap – and is often depicted along with a special rod that was used in the ceremony of manumission, when slaves were formally emancipated.